Zehn Jahre Monitoring der FFH-Pflanzenarten der Anhänge II und IV in Sachsen-Anhalt – eine Zwischenbilanz

Abstract

A review of the current as well as from the literature known and at least still classified as potential present localities of the plant species of Annexes II and IV in Saxony-Anhalt was carried out in 2010/2011. The following species were confirmed: Angelica palustris, Apium repens, Cypripedium calceolus, Jurinea cyanoides, Liparis loeselii and Orthotrichum rogeri. Coleanthus subtilis and Lindernia procumbens were also included in the regular monitoring despite of non-confirmation from about 2000 onwards because the habitat conditions at the old sites of both species met their requirements. The monitoring was also done for Luronium natans, which was last found in 2005. Due to new discoveries or verifications, Buxbaumia viridis, Hamatocaulis vernicosus and Mannia triandra were also added after 2012. Overall, a predominant negative trend in population development can be seen with regard to the occupied sites: Luronium natans and Coleanthus subtilis could not be detected at all and were recorded as ‘extinct or lost’ in the current Red List of Saxony-Anhalt. Lindernia procumbens could only be confirmed in one of the eleven survey years. The original three occurrences of Angelica palustris and the one occurrence of Apium repens have not been present since 2021 and 2022, respectively. Of the former five occurrences of Liparis loeselii, only three are still present in 2022. Cypripedium calceolus was only found in nine of the ten study sites established in 2012 in 2022. Apart from the few occurrences, almost all of the above-mentioned species are in a ‘medium to poor‘ (C) conservation status. Currently, only two occurrences of Cypripedium calceolus could be assessed as ‘good‘ (B). Jurinea cyanoides is the only vascular plant species of which there are currently (2019) partly very large populations in a predominant ‘good‘ (B), partly even ‘excellent‘ (3 × A) and only exceptional ‘medium to poor‘ (2 × C) overall conservation status. In addition, two new populations were established successfully, while one population, which was very small from the beginning, is now considered extinct. Buxbaumia viridis was first found at one site in 2014 and was confirmed there in 2019. In the meantime, more than 20 recent occurrences of the species are known, whereby most of the occurrences are sterile and sporophytes have only been detected at two sites so far. Mannia triandra could also be confirmed in 2020 at its only site of 2015. The very small occurrence of Hamatocaulis vernicosus from 2014, on the other hand, was probably not found again in 2019 due to drought. The five occurrences of Orthotrichum rogeri from 2012 were joined by three further detections, although the 2022 review only found evidence at three of the now total of eight sites, which can be explained by the species’ life strategy, among other things. In particular, site conditions for some species have deteriorated considerably in recent years due to prolonged periods of heat and heavy rainfall deficits, which can be seen as a major cause of the negative population trend. In addition, however, the predominant lacking sense of responsibility and interest of the authorities are reasons for the overall precarious situation. Inadequate personnel and financial resources also hinder the implementation of measures that result from the obligation to conserve the occurrences of the FFH species. Currently, conservation and development measures in Saxony-Anhalt are carried out most often thanks to the various commitments of interested parties (voluntary work, research), independent of the official confusion of responsibilities. The management proposals specific to the species and adapted to the individual sites are compiled in an overview.